命令 作用 示例 sudo systemctl start 服务名 启动服务 sudo systemctl start nginx sudo systemctl stop 服务名 停止服务 sudo systemctl stop nginx sudo systemctl restart 服务名 重启服务 sudo systemctl restart nginx sudo systemctl reload 服务名 重新加载配置（不中断服务，改完配置常用） sudo systemctl reload nginx systemctl status 服务名 查看服务当前状态 systemctl status mysqld sudo systemctl enable 服务名 设置开机自动启动 sudo systemctl enable php-fpm sudo systemctl disable 服务名 取消开机自动启动 sudo systemctl disable firewalld systemctl is-active 服务名 快速判断是否正在运行 systemctl is-active nginx systemctl list-units --type=service 列出所有服务 systemctl list-units --type=service